The acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of glycogen Essay

The acid and enzymatic hydrolysis of glycogen - Essay Example Glycogen structure is similar to the amylopectin molecule and it is highly branched. The presence of the monomer compounds are identified by both acid and enzymatic hydrolysis. The acid hydrolysis takes place over a period of time. The acid hydrolysis by the mineral acids takes place readily. The acid hydrolysis product is glucose.(Melville and Alsberg 1930). The enzymatic hydrolysis of the glycogen by the a-amylase (a(1 ®Ã‚  4) glucan, 4-glucanohydrolase, E.C.3.2.1.1) cleaves the alpha 1ïÆ'   4 linkage in the glycogen molecule yielding a mixture of glucose, maltose and dextrin at the end. (Barbour, 1929). The alpha 1ïÆ'   6 hydrolysis does not takes place as the enzyme is specific for the alpha 1ïÆ'   4 cleavage. As the hydrolysis occurs in a random manner, a variety of the products are formed. (Plummer, 2001).In both the hydrolysis procedures the end product differs. The glucose is the only compound in acid hydrolysis whereas in the enzymatic hydrolysis glucose, maltose and dextrin are the products. The end products are reducing sugars hence the estimation of the reducing sugars is carried out by the Dinitro salicylic acid method. The increase in the number of the reducing sugar production as the hydrolysis takes place is determined by the Dinitro salicylic acid method. The reducing sugars have free carbonyl group with them. This free carbonyl group is oxidized by the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS). Simultaneously the DNS is reduced to 3-amino,5-nitrosalicylic acid under alkaline conditions. This is a basic redox reaction. (Miller, 1959). The reducing sugars are easily measured by the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. According to the Lambert Beer’s law, the concentration of the solution is directly proportional to its optical density. So if the absorbing index of a particular solution is known then the concentration of the given solution at that particular wavelength can be determined by measuring the optical

PERSONAL STATEMENT FOR UCAS APPLICATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PERSONAL STATEMENT FOR UCAS APPLICATION - Essay Example My mother used to think of this as my best trait as I would always stack my toys neatly after playing with them! Generally speaking, one of the major benefits of studying statistics and mathematics as a basic degree is the variety of career paths it provides. Applications of mathematics and statistic appears in almost all areas of business, economics, science, technology, research, and wherever data is obtained for the purpose of finding information. Statistics has for long been described as the science of making conclusions in the presence of uncertainty. From what I have learned in the preliminary studies statistics and mathematical models can solve problems and analyze circumstances when seemingly there is no obvious result at hand. This amazing nature of statistics appeals me the most. It encourages me to look up more into this field of education. It is thus become my passion to pursue my forthcoming degrees in the said field. The first thought that came into my when I decided to opt for a graduate degree in mathematics and statistics was that of the Queen Mary College, University of London. The Queen Mary University, Kings College London is one of the most esteemed colleges of Britain and I dream to be an esteemed part of its privileged students. Though I am an international student, I am well versed with written and spoken English language. It is therefore no problem for me to comprehend degree courses that would be taught in English. Moreover, having done my 6 of my O’ Levels courses and one A’ Levels course I have a pretty good idea of this British mode of assessment. I have appeared in the examinations set by the mentioned boards and have obtained grades ranging from A’s to C’s. My initial attempt towards pursuing higher studies in mathematics and statistics was by going for the course of ‘Mathematics’ in A’ levels examinations. Regretfully though I obtained a C in the said course. This was much below the standards that I had set for myself. I got even more motivated by this happening and decided to pursue my studies in statistics and mathematics from its basics. In pursuance of my intention to learn mathematics and statistics from its scratch I enrolled myself in the foundation course of ‘Science and Engineering’ at the Queen Mary University. Currently I am working really hard to get the required percentage so that I can get admission into the university degree level. It is only then that I would be able to pursue studies in my desired course. Taking admission into the degree level of Queen Mary University, Kings College of London would therefore be ‘a dream come true’ for me. I plan to work hard to pursue my studies at the college and then pass out to become an established mathematician and statistical analyst. This will enable me to become a successful banker in the years to come and would also increase other chances of employment in the ever challenging corporate world of today. My happy go lucky nature enables to me intermingle with people anywhere I go. At heart I am a fun loving person who loves to dance at the beat of good music. Listening to good music is one of my favorite hobbies. I have very recently started learning guitar from one of my friends. The explorer in me enthusiastically motivates me to travel to different countries and explore new places. During the school days I have been an active participant in extra curricular activities and have taken part in various

Over Consumption in America Essay Example for Free

Over Consumption in America Essay Over the past 50 years, the standard of living for American families has doubled. Most of these families live in a two-income household in order to acquire the money needed to live up to these standards (Pierce). This change has enabled Americans to own more material possessions and has also caused them to want even more. It is this concept of wanting that is leading to the growing problem of over consumption in America. People are contributing to the problem by eating more and buying more and more non-essentials such as TVs, computers, and cars. People find themselves wanting more and more material things in order to become happy, when in actuality it may be having the reverse effect because it is not possible to ever obtain everything that he/she wants (Easterbrook 124). By living more simply we can become happier by spending more time with our families and communities and also by helping others. In the past, TV was thought to be a way to bring the family together. However, today, more than three quarters of American families own two or more televisions. Having multiple sets causes family members to watch different programs, in separate rooms, pulling the family apart as opposed to bringing them together. Even some children have TV sets in their rooms. Instead of playing outside, kids are spending hour in front of the television (Winn 465-66) Children are also being affected by other new electronics. High-tech childrens toys are becoming more and more common. Instead of playing outside with other kids, children in our society play video games or play on a computer. Even educational toys are being made electronic. Special laptops are being made for children as young as preschool or kindergarten. This is becoming all that children know. Their generation is growing up reliant on computers. In the future they might not have a choice to relax and live more simply because the high tech world is all they know (Kalson). Another issue contributing to the problem of over consumption is cars. For some people, owning a car can be necessary. For others, public transportation is an option. Owning one or more cars can also affect the  community by using unnecessary amounts of fuel and by polluting. The car also allows us to live a high-speed life. Americans are constantly traveling or working and are not taking the time to relax as we did in the past. Americas fast paced lifestyle is part of the reason we dont spend as much time with our families and friends as in other cultures (Wilson). Americans also contribute to over consumption by the amount of food we eat. Obesity is a growing issue in American society today. Twenty percent of children are overweight. If this problem persists, the next generation could be the first in 200 years to have a shorter life expectancy than the last. The greatest issue of this problem is fast food and the portions of it. Instead of eating healthy, home cooked meals, Americans are replacing them with fat and calorie loaded fast foods and precooked meals. This problem is leading towards more health problems. 30 percent of boys and 40 percent of girls born in the year 2000 are expected to have diabetes at some point in their life. Americans can fight this problem by trying to live more like people in other countries by eating healthier foods, smaller portions, and teaching children how to eat right (Mieszkowski). Part of the reason that Americans have such a large role in this problem might possibly be because of advertising. Because our media is so widely spread and easily accessed, Americans can be more easily persuaded. This issue can also relate back to the problem of watching too much TV. Because the United States has no regulations on advertising, anyone can be affected by any amount of advertising. Children, who are more susceptible, can be manipulated into thinking that they need something that they really dont. This problem could possibly solved by restricting the amount of advertising or where advertising is aloud. We can also resist this problem being more aware of it. By judging each ad to see if it is coercive, deceptive, or manipulative, we can remove the emotional appeal of the commercial and make a more rational decision (Hirschberg 61-68). However some people think that over consumption is not the problem: (S)quandering money on big screen TVs, McMansions, restaurant meals,  oversized cars and luxury vacations (are not to blame) for insolvency and all those maxed-out credit cards. Instead (it is) the high cost of housing and education (F)ixed expenses that can quickly create a sea of red ink when families face layoffs, illness, or divorce. Skyrocketing health-care costs add to the problem (Gardner). If Americans started to live more simply, we could not only gain happiness by relaxing and spending more time with our families, but we could also give some of our extra money or belongings to charity. Helping those in need can give us a sense of self worth that could not be obtained by living as we do now. Linda Pierce argues that simplicity values are important to enrich a persons life. She states that Limiting material possessions, Meaningful work weather paid or volunteer, relationships with friends and family, pleasurable leisure activities, and a connection to community are good values to strive for in order to live simply (Pierce). Over consumption is affection all Americans lives, especially the lives of children, the next generation: TV and video games have vanquished running around outside. Kids in the city have too few places to play. And (sic) ids in the suburbs have no sidewalks to walk on, much less places to walk to. Fewer kids walk or ride their bikes to school, either because theres no safe route, or its simply too far. At school, phys ed and recess have been shortened or eliminated, through the double whammy of budget cuts and he renewed emphasis on academic testing. And (sic) many schools sells junk food to kids in the cafeteria in attempt to subsidize shrinking budgets through soft drink and candy bar revenue (Mieszkowski). The longer this problem goes unsolved, the harder it will be to overcome it. It is important to overcome this problem to gain happiness by gaining leisure time and spending more time with their families and communities and also by helping others in need. If we can accomplish this, Americans can stop associating a good life with material possessions but with personal happiness instead. Gardner, Marilyn. Do two incomes mean deeper debt?. 5 Dec. 2005 http://moneycentral.msn.com/content/CollegeandFamily/P61852.asp. Easterbrook, Gregg. The Progress Paradox. New York: Random House, 2003. Hirschberg, Stuart. The Rhetoric of Advertising . Kalson, Sally. Study finds toddlers immersed in electronic media. Pittsburgh Post Gazette. 29 Oct. 2003: D1. Mieszkowski, Katharine. Growing Up Too Fat. Salon 4 pp. 5 Dec. 2005 http://www.salon.com/mwt/feature/2005/04/16/kids_obesity/index3.html. Pierce, Linda Breen. The Simplicity Resource Guide. 5 Dec. 2005 http://www.gallagherpress.com/pierce/overview.htmhttp://www.gallagherpress.com/pierce/overview.htm. Wilson, James Q. Cars and Theirs Enemies. Winn, Marie. Television: The Plug-In Drug.

Crime And Punishment In The Renaissance

Crime And Punishment In The Renaissance The Renaissance, a time of cultural changes and evolution spanning nearly four decades, lead to reformation and expansion within the churches and England. With the era being reformed came new rules, regulations, and laws, and with these came new leaders. There were new ideas relating to humanism and individualism, which developed in front of a Catholic background. Art was influenced heavily and dedicated to the church, and peoples thoughts and relationship as to Man and God increased enormously. However, the era of the Renaissance was a time of both ethical and moral corruption within the Catholic churches; this evilness heavily influenced the crimes committed and the punishments placed upon the people. In the 1500s, hypocrisy and corruption in the Catholic Church was uncontrollable. As defined by Merriam-Webster dictionary, the word corruption means guilty of dishonest practices, as bribery; lacking integrity; wicked, and evil. The people involved in the Catholic Church were supposed to set an example for the rest of Europe; they did not. Many claimed that the monks had between eight and ten girlfriends or wives apiece (Trueman). Many monks involved in the Roman Catholic Church were very lazy. They did not help the community, instead, they made more problems for the church and all the people in it. All the monks seemed to do was take money from the poor rather than give it to the ones in need. This caused the poor to do things that they would later regret. With this going on in the churches, the people turned to individualism and humanism. Individualism and humanism were coming to the fore as citizens started looking towards themselves for answers, rather than to God or any Religio us institutions (Berard). Individualism, the belief that ones goals and desires bring self-reliance and independence, steered the people in the wrong direction religiously. In addition, humanism focused solely on humans being the primary source of importance, neglecting God, the Church, and everything in between. Church became less and less important to the people of England, as they simply stopped attending. It did not help when the King Henry VIII officially declared that he would no longer be associating himself with the Roman Catholic Church. The era of the Renaissance was a time of expansion and exploration, as well as a period of battles between King Henry VIII and the Roman Catholic Church. The English reformation began with the reign of King Henry VIII, as he sought for a divorce with his first wife Catherine of Aragon. King Henry VIII had already known whom he wanted as his second wife, Anne Boleyn (Trueman). King Henry VIII requested for a divorce in the Roman Catholic Church and was denied by the Pope. This request caused uproar in the community. The faith of the Roman Catholic Church is that it believes in marriage for life and does not support divorce (Trueman). Divorce was something that went against the Catholic Church and the Pope could possibly excommunicate him. If Henry VIII was excommunicated, it meant that after death, his soul had no chance of making it to heaven and being successful in the afterlife. The church used this threat to keep the people in the Catholic Church under control, leading the church to gain power. This request that was denied lead King Henry VIII to break away from the Roman Catholic Church and place himself as the head of the Protestant Church. With King Henry VIII leaving the Roman Catholic Church, he was left with the job of creating different laws, Reformation in Parliament. Though it did not settle the matter all at once, it steadily granted powers over the church clergy to the king (Hooker). He also passed a law called Submission of the Clergy. Under this law, the clergy was placed under King Henrys VIII control. King Henry ordered Bibles to be published in English because many people could not read and understand Latin and took much money and land from the church. Despite all of this non-sense, the English church and the religion they practiced stayed the same. A person attending King Henrys Protestant church would obtain nothing different than those in the Roman Catholic Church. The adoption of Protestantism was a political move rather than a religious move on King Henry VIII behalf. This tore apart European society and separated it even more; the poor people stayed with the poor and the rich and wealthy stayed with the rich and wealthy. Many people were proven guilty with unfair trials caused by the churches and the power they obtained. The power and wealth in the Catholic Church was extremely high and the population in England was very angry at what the church was doing. The Roman Catholic Church used their people as a source of money rather than people ready to praise God. In order to get baptized, people had to pay. People even had to pay if they were going to bury a lost loved one. Many of these duties people had to pay for were duties that had to be done in order to reach Heaven (Trueman). With this being said, the Catholic Church was very wealthy, causing many problems with the poor. While the Catholic Church was getting rich, the poor people were staying poor. The poor peoples money was just being sent to the church through donations rather than being used to put food on the table. With the poor people not having enough money to support their family, they were forced to partake in various crimes. Begging was a serious crime during the Renaissance and with the poor people not obtaining the amount of food needed, they were beaten as a harsh punishment (Elizabethan Crime and Punishment). Stealing was a very serious crime as well: this usually resulted in hanging or the death sentence. For example, if someone tried stealing a birds egg to feed the innocent, starving children were impacted by a loved one dying (Elizabethan Crime and Punishment). Money was also needed to travel and in order to travel you needed to have a license. Any person that would have liked to travel during this time had to get a license from the bailiff. It was a serious crime to leave home without it (Elizabethan Crime and Punishment). The poor people in England were never really able to see their family and friends out of the state or country because he or she did not have enough money to pay for food and a traveling license; let alone the transportation needed. The people that were charged with different crimes were never faced with true and honest trials; they were all unfair. All the trials that went on during this time were all in favor of the prosecutors (Elizabethan Crime and Punishment). This was a ve ry violent and unfair time in history where all the harsh punishments and executions were a normal day-to-day activity. These executions and harsh punishments were witnessed by thousands of people. The lower class and the poor treated these events as their day outs (Elizabethan Crime and Punishment). These harsh treatments were new meditations and were instruments for social and political control in absolutist regimes hands (Merback, 1999). The church enjoyed obtaining all of this power among the people and having it in their hands. The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned nearly 300 years, originating during the late Middle Ages and spreading to Europe, specifically England, towards the end. With this three century long era came both ups and downs, including the beginning of new art and architecture, as well as ethical and moral corruption surrounding the Catholic Churches. With this ethical and moral corruption came crime and poverty, leading to harsh and severe punishment for crimes committed. Whether it was unfair trials or hypocrisy, the corruption of the time and church steered the region into the future and eventually led England to new beginnings and the end of the Renaissance. Jena Boudreau Ms. Jakubus Brit. Lit (1) 19 April 2010 Works Consulted Crime and Punishment in Elizabethan England, http://EyeWitness to History, www.eyewitnesshistory.com (2001). Henry, VIII. Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed. 17 Vols. Gale Research, 1998. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale, 2010. Hinds, K. Life in Elizabethan England and The Church. Benchmark: Marshall Cavendish Coorp., 2008. Print. History of Catholic Church Renaissance and Reformation. Essortment Articles: Free Online Articles on Health, Science, Education More.. Web. 18 Apr. 2010. . Merback, M. The Theif, The Cross, and The Wheel. Pain and the spectacle of punishment in Medieval and Renaissance Europe. London: Reaktion Books, 1999. Print. Reformation: Protestant England. Washington State University Pullman, Washington. Web. 18 Apr. 2010. . Trueman, C. Medieval Law and Order. 2000 n.page.web. 25 Mar 2010. http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/medieval_law_and_order.htm

King Lear Essay -- essays research papers

King Lear Summary   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The play, â€Å"King Lear† by William Shakespeare, starts with noblemen Kent and Gloucester having a conversation and the audience finds out that Gloucester has two sons. Edgar who is his heir, and Edmund his unimportant son. This info. leads to the mini-plot. Then, Lear enters to say that he is going to end his life’s tasks and problems. He then points to the map, he tells the people there that he will split his land into three parts. They are going to be given to his three daughters. The two oldest, Goneril and Regan, tell their father that their love for him goes beyond expectations. The youngest one, Cordelia, tells him that she loves him, but only as she should love her father. He is then angered and disappointed at the lack of love by her. Then splits his land evenly between Goneril and Regan, and then banishes Cordelia. Then France decides to marry the now banished Cordelia. When Kent tries to defend Cordelia, he banishes him too.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Meanwhile, Goneril and Regan decide that if Lear becomes too much of a nuisance, they will have to decide what disciplinary actions to take. In the developing subplot, Edmund complains of his unhappiness at being an illegitimate—and thus, disinherited—son. As part of his plot to claim what is not his, Edmund gives a false letter to his father, Gloucester, declaring that Edgar is proposing that they kill their father and split the wealth between them. The cunning Edmu...

Fraternity Hazing Essay -- Fraternities Greek Life College Essays

Fraternity Hazing When most people hear the term "hazing" it brings up images of fraternities, or they just don’t know what it is. In even though hazing occurs in many places including fraternities and sororities, the military, athletic teams and student organizations (marching bands) at both the high school and collegiate levels. Many believe that hazing in fraternities and in general are nothing more than silly tricks and harmless pranks like those from the 1980s hit comedy Animal House. The realities of hazing are severely different than the witty images many people associate with them. Hazing is an abuse of power that can have weakening and life-threatening consequences. According to the research presented by Hank Nuwer (1990), journalist and author of several books related to hazing, hazing has been associated with more than fifty deaths in college fraternities and countless more physical injuries including paralysis, not to mention the devastating emotional effects that can result for so many young men and women. The most commonly asked questions about hazing in fraternities are, why do young men and women participate in such horrific and life-threatening activities just to belong to a group? This seems like a reasonable question--but it reveal the lack of understanding about the dynamics of the hazing process. Many states have passed legislation to forbid hazing; having noticed that the power of peer pressure prevents hazing victims from giving true permission to participate in the activities. Also, many potential members don't realize and are not informed of what the pledging process and hazing will involve because this information is covered in secrecy by the brotherhood. This combined with the increasing har... ...ited States in all forms of groups, and at colleges that have hazing now as a part of a ritual to get in a fraternity. There should be a â€Å"class† that teaches about hazing and have students come in and speak that have hazed and the consequences that they were faced with, and students that have received the hazing activities. CQ Researcher Hansen, B. (2004, January 9). Hazing. The CQ Researcher Online, 14, 1-24. Retrieved February 18, 2004, from http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher. How do we stop hazing? February 15, 2004 http://www.alfred.edu/news/stop_hazing/stop_hazing.html How do we stop hazing? February 15, 2004 http://www.alfred.edu/news/stop_hazing/stop_hazing.html â€Å"Woman touts anti-hazing law as late son's legacy.† Jefferson City News Tribune 16 February 2004 http://www.newstribune.com/articles/2004/02/16/news_state/0216040025.txt

Essay --

I was almost there, just one more turn and a road before I arrived home. When the road was built the turn cut a deep ‘V’ in the hillside, leaving behind prominent walls of dirt on either side of the road. It was a right-angle left turn leading up a steep incline. Being on a road less traveled, as well as being at the bottom of a hill, this particular turn had a lot of accumulated sand left over from the winter. I had forgotten about the sand, since all the main roads had long been washed clean, and went into the turn too fast. As soon as I hit the dirty portion of the road, my front wheels lost grip and caused the car to under-steer straight forward. I was able to catch it a little but knew impact was inevitable. I watched the hillside jump up in front of me and the right corner of my Jeep Cherokee plow into it, as a mountain of new obstacles rose up in my mind. I thought it would be too hard for me to fix it myself and too expensive to have done at a shop. I w as worried about what my parents would say if they saw it. But by the time it was fixed, I had learned a lot about car repair and my own capabilities. Before I crashed I didn’t think I could perform any major car repairs myself, but I learned that it’s not only feasible but quite rewarding as well. I drove the rest of the way home in a calm panic, trying to think straight and form a plan. I pulled my car into the garage nose first, at such an angle that the damage couldn’t be seen from the house if anyone happened to look out and wonder what I was doing. I had an excuse of TLC ready in case someone decided to investigate further than the front window. This was when I did an in-depth inspection of the damage, and it looked bad, really bad. The steel bumper wa... ...f. I fixed up my car on a budget, kept my parents from blowing a head gasket, and picked up multitudes of knowledge along the way. During the course of the project I absorbed copious amounts of information that I will be able to use the rest of my life. I learned many skills and techniques regarding vehicle repair that I can apply to any situation that may arise in the future. Since then, I don’t even know how much money I’ve saved myself, family, and friends by diagnosing and repairing problems in house instead of getting ripped off by mechanics. Before I crashed my car I was limited to doing very basic maintenance only, but after, I felt like I could take on any project. It really sparked my interest in working on my own car. The whole experience was very rewarding and taught me a lot about not only cars but what I was capable of when I put my mind to it.

Is Therese Raquin a Naturalist Novel?

Is Therese Raquin a Naturalist novel? Emile  Zola is often considered the chief literary theorist of the Naturalist movement and so one would assume that his creative offspring, including the novel Therese Raquin, would display the traits of the genre. Zola may be responsible for many of the conventions that one would associate with Naturalism and so naturally you could extend this logic to argue that his work defines the genre.To the modern reader, Therese Raquin appears anything but naturalistic with a dramatic, fast moving plot that boasts murder, adultery and revenge that almost becomes synthetic in places. However, for the sake of this essay, I must decide upon a firm definition for Naturalism, in its correct historical context, in order to debate and speculate as to whether Therese Raquin can be read or interpreted as a Naturalist novel.Naturalism may be defined as a scientifically accurate extension of realism characterized by a magnified perspective through which the author displays the primitive nature of humans (using characters with strong animal drives who are â€Å"victims both of glandular secretions within and of sociological pressures†) and adopts an objective and emotionally detached approach to the characters in order to demonstrate the weaknesses and tragedies of 19th Century society, particularly amongst the lower classes.Zola’s prefaces to his novels at as essays on Naturalism and much of the deterministic and scientific philosophy behind the movement may be found, for example in the preface to Therese Raquin, Zola writes that he sees himself as a â€Å"mere analyst, who may have turned his attention to human corruption, but in the same way as a doctor becomes absorbed in an operating theatre† and comments that â€Å"the return to nature, the naturalistic evolution which marks the century, drives little by little all the manifestation of human intelligence to the same path†.Firstly I will explore the common con ventions of Naturalism that are present in Therese Raquin. For example is the typical Naturalistic characterisation through the use of the four temperaments (stemming from Galen’s four humours) that the author regards in higher importance than the actual characterisation as he states that he proposed to â€Å"study temperaments and not characters†. Zola assigns certain temperaments to his characters to establish inter-character relations in the plot and demonstrate the animalistic nature of humans.Laurent may be associated with sanguine (â€Å"handsome, full blooded†), Therese with melancholy and Camille with phlegmatic qualities. By using this device, Zola adds a certain amount of reality and human nature to the pot which is, of course, an essential aspect to the genre of Naturalism. Also by using these temperaments to define the psychology of his characters, Zola incorporates scientific elements, as if he is conducting a sociological study of background in rel ation to the  milieu and subsequently the psychological study of individual characters in particular circumstances.Naturalism, as a movement, is in debt to the scientific enlightenment with scientists, such as Darwin, who popularised new ways of thinking that evolved around the concept of biological determinism and the author adopted these views in response, stating that Naturalists are â€Å"men of science†. Biological determinism may be thought of as a melting pot of biology and philosophy, suggesting that humans merely respond to the surrounding  environmental forces  and  internal drives,  none of which they can control or understand, in essence we are little more than a â€Å"human brute†.In essence we are driven by the very primitive urges and instincts of hunger, sex and fear. Within Therese Raquin we see these attributes materialise throughout the book and become particularly prevalent in the sexual undertones of Therese’s affair with Laurent, something that disgusted many of Zola’s critics. However it is more obvious to the modern reader that Zola, through his dramatic plot, is demonstrating a level of determinism in the sense that life makes its conclusions, and the Naturalistic novelist's task is to represent those conclusions, rather than contribute his own.Controversy may be viewed as another defining characteristic of the Naturalistic genre and if we are to consider Therese Raquin in its correct historical context (1867), it is not difficult to understand why it caused much scandal due to Zola’s honest and uncompromising exploration of the darkest aspects of human existence. One critic, Louis Ulbach, wrote in Le Figaro  in January 1868 that the novel was â€Å"a pool of mud and blood† and was a perfect example of â€Å"the utter filth that is contemporary literature†.It is the disposition of the Naturalist writer that assumes an amoral attitude to the plot and acts somewhat as a voyeur rather than a judge. Personally I view Francois, the same cat over which many critics and scholars speculate as to whether it is the cat in Manet’s portrait Olympia, as somewhat of a metaphor for the Naturalist author. Francois is present in many of the most climatic and socking scenes, most notably the passionate scene of Camille’s murder, and remains detached but also demands some sort of presence so much so that Laurent becomes frightened and wants to â€Å"kill the beast† as he remarks how â€Å"human† it looks.The fact that Laurent almost personifies the cat may suggest that animal and man are alike in the very basic sense of instinct. I think that the Naturalist author assumes a similar stance to this cat as he remains a quiet and unbiased third party, recording the events without judgment, acting as a journalistic voyeur, which is relevant to this novel as Zola discloses that he is â€Å"simply an observer, who states the facts†.On its publi shing, Therese Raquin was accused of immortality and if the critics were not accusing Zola of an â€Å"alleged perversion of public morality† then it would be for the novel’s â€Å"unsound philosophic and aesthetic assumptions†. Despite these accusations of immorality, Zola defends himself saying that it was, in fact, immoral to refrain from including such behaviour as the lack of obvious moral material was corrupting and that â€Å"the process of honest examination purifies everything, just as fire does. Another aspect of this novel that argues in favour of Therese Raquin being a Naturalist novel is the sense of pessimism that one feels when reading it. This negative atmosphere is created by deliberately making the novel feel claustrophobic with the author using a number of devices such as an omniscient third person narrative, a limited number of characters and settings as well as a prevalent theme of imprisonment.For example, Zola’s displays Laurentâ⠂¬â„¢s captivity within his own guilt through describing his â€Å"hallucinations† of paranoia which reinforces the theme of claustrophobia and imprisonment. There is also much imagery that could be associated with hell with reference to vaults and holes, for example Therese admits she feels like she is â€Å"going down into the clammy earth of a pit† and that she is buried â€Å"in a vault†. The presentation of Laurent and Therese in relation to such pessimism and claustrophobia demonstrates their remorse and shows great burden of murder.Zola uses the setting to suggest that any world beyond the working class community provides a sense of claustrophobia and stresses the difficulties of escaping this life, thus creating a social trap. The relevance of such pessimism in relation to a Naturalist novel is found in the absence of ideology; life is not ideal and so to create an accurate portrait humanity, the author must make the plot realistic which means that negat ivity is sometimes exaggerated.Charles Child Walcutt states that Zola seizes reality through his use of the characters’ temperaments and â€Å"transforms that temperament into a work of art†. Indeed the aspect of art is important in arguing that Therese Raquin is not in fact a Naturalist novel as however fiercely the author claimed to be scientific and methodical in his approach to the composition process, he never believed that the naturalist author was solely functioning on a mechanical level any more than he considered that artists, such as Manet, were replicating reality.It is no secret that Zola was heavily influenced by such artists who were straying from the previous Romantic Movement into a more Naturalistic style and consequently there is an innate correlation between the Movement in particularly French art and literature. In both cases the author or artist strives to symbolize the truth of nature, avoiding purely mimicking nature itself in order to obtain a c ertain amount of artistic individuality and a sense of poeticism to the work.In conclusion, I believe that one must approach analysing Therese Raquin outside of its historical context with caution as it can distort a modern day reader’s opinion as to whether this is a true Naturalist work due to the fact that a modern reader has been exposed to far more scandalous materials that may strike us a more gritty than Zola’s novel.However, from the extensive criticism and scandal that Therese Raquin stirred when it was first published, we can imagine that it was the one of most openly human and frank portrayals of life that the Victorians had been exposed to and so if we are to make a judgment in relation to its context, I believe it is a Naturalist novel. It also feels slightly awkward to debate the genre of Therese Raquin because its author was one of the most prolific and pioneering writers in Naturalism.Therefore I think it is valid to suggest that Therese Raquin may be t hought of as a defining work for the genre of Naturalism and we should, instead, speculate over other supposed Naturalist materials in relation to Zola’s novels. Rather that comparing Zola’s writing to a set of Naturalist criteria to the reinforce this novel’s validity as a member of the Naturalist genre, I am able to see the scaffolding that Zola created, allowing many Naturalist successors to build on to add more substance in order to write the more edgy literature we are familiar with today.Therese Raquin is a Naturalist novel that is not an imitation of reality but a scientific study of humanity. The author successfully presents the primitive and uncontrolled nature of humans in relation to their setting or circumstance with uncompromising and bold attention to detail. The novel displays the simple â€Å"application of the experimental method to the study of nature and of man†, which in itself is a definition of Naturalism. Select Bibliography 1.Emile Zola, Therese Raquin (1868) 2. Ferragus. La litterature putride , (Le Figaro. 23 January 1868) 3. Clarence R. Decker The Aesthetic Revolt against Naturalism in Victorian Criticism, p 845, Vol. 53, No. 3 (Sep. , 1938) 4. Charles Child Walcutt, American literary naturalism: a divided stream ( Minnesota, 1956) ——————————————– [ 2 ]. , M. H Abrams, A Glossary of Literary Terms, 5th Edition (published ,San Francisco, 1988) [ 3 ].Emile Zola, Therese Raquin Preface de la deuxieme edition (1868) [ 4 ]. Emile Zola, Therese Raquin Preface de la deuxieme edition (1868). The author calls both Therese and Laurent â€Å"human brutes, [ 5 ]. Ferragus. La litterature putride , (Le Figaro. 23 January 1868) [ 6 ]. Clarence R. Decker The Aesthetic Revolt against Naturalism in Victorian Criticism, p 845, Vol. 53, No. 3 (Sep. , 1938) [ 7 ]. Charles Child Walcutt, American literary naturalism: a div ided stream ( Minnesota, 1956)

Mass Culture and the Visual Arts Essay

The essay of Jean Baudrillad is a highly philosophical and sociological paper. It uses complex terms, a lot of analogy, and included a lot of theories which might have been created just for the report. Since Jean Baudrillad is a very accomplished man, his ideas and views are often regarded as top quality, and some tend to bend in immediately believing these. Upon reading the essay, I come to think that it would be unwise to be attached strongly to the author’s feelings and demise regarding the topic. I believe that a lot of his own and personal ideas were incorporated in his paper criticizing the museum guidelines. These ideas may be for the better, but it could also be possible that they may have been affected by the author’s own background. In this view, it is highly important to know a bit about the author to gain a deeper understanding on his essay. This way, we can critically analyze his work and draw some conclusions based on in. To begin with, Jean Baudrillad is a French sociologist and philosopher who writes and criticizes works usually about post-modernism and post-structuralism. He is said to be in line with many modern philosophers in this time. He is a well known writer and proposed many theories regarding human relationship and many other topics, such as wars (World War 2, Gulf War). An interesting topic for him is the evolution of technology processes and their effects to social change. He seemed to be attached in studying these processes and looks at them as a kind of breakout from tradition. He is also very well versed with semiotics, the study of signs, and even wrote a number of papers about it, the writing where the essay was taken being one of it. He believed, like other poststructuralists do, that signification and meaning are only understandable by looking on how the signs interrelate. This point is very important in analyzing this essay since art, especially visual art, is a kind of sign. It is visually available to the naked eye, and can convey many meanings to the viewer. The essay is also a home of many arguments which I believed to be contradictory to his previous theories. He also argued that meaning is based on the absence – a cup means a cup because it does not mean a spoon, a fork, or a spatula. Therefore, to know the meaning of a cup is by not by knowing a cup, by proving that that cup is a not a spoon, fork, spatula. Baudrillad’s theories and expertise may vary from different subjects, but his beliefs in semiotics and signs are crucial in this critic of modern art museums. Now, we can slowly digest Baudrillad’s work and analyze it not only by reading it, but it is also important to take into consideration the author’s stand and opinions on several things affecting the statements he made. The author, in his first paragraph, described the museum as an â€Å"incinerator, absorbing all cultural energy and destroying it. † This harsh depiction of modern art museums was then strengthened by him using different examples. Some of his examples and arguments were a little absurd, and too much to be true. Let’s take for example the first one. He made an analogy between the museum and a nuclear plant. He said that it is not the lack of security, pollution, or explosion but the radiation of a protective zone of control and deterrence. In the center, a kind of political deterrence is elaborated. This deterrence is also showed by the employers, who are assigned to a polyvalent space. They then remained in that space, using all their energy. Deterrence, by definition, is the inhibition of bad behavior by fear, such as punishment. I believe that fear is an important factor here, and the mere fact that the author did not have any proof that fear is actually used in the center makes his analogy a little over the edge. The employers, even though confined to this â€Å"bubble†, never made a statement that they were kept there against their will. After some more critics, he fled to the topic of the mass media, which was discussed crucially. He said that culture in the center is dead, and the masses are celebrating over it by going to the museum. We must take note that the author already gave the masses a reason for their excitement over the museum. Like a disaster, he said, on which humans are naturally invited to look upon. Since there is no way to flee to the museum itself and personally feel this, it would be, if not mandatory, sufficient to look at a very popular way of advertising places of such – their website. Upon inspection of the museum’s website, there are some facts waiting to be discovered. First is the way the museum advertises its exhibits and events. Then, there are the events themselves. The characters that emanate from these advertisements can help in proving some of the author’s arguments wrong. The website, upon first glance, is very simple compared to other sites found all around the internet. Could it be possible that the center was low in funds to create and maintain a more elegant and dashing website? I think not. This is a proof that the center does not aim to catch the audience attention by visual effects. There is a deeper goal for them to invite the masses to the center – for them to see its content and its display, its artists’ works and their playwrights’ plays. By looking at the events posted on the website, it can be noted that a wide range of artistic events are catered for – visual arts such as sculptures, paintings and the like, programs with concerts and cultural events. Their advertisement strategy is simple, a photograph of the event and some few liners describing it. Baudrillad seems to say that the masses have lost the ability to see â€Å"real culture† and dashes only to the museum because of signs, not because of the artistic values it conveys. He accuses the center of hiding true culture from the masses, using signifiers instead of the real thing. But the way the center advertises its programs are simple – come and see this, no other sparkling stars on the computer screen, no lotto tickets waiting to be clicked, no hidden charges, just plain and simple, â€Å"come to the museum to see this kind of culture. † The author, as mentioned above, has always talked about the topic of technology’s effects to the human. For me, this certain technology of using websites as an advertisement strategy deals with a lot of subconscious semiotics. But the center’s website is just a simple page you click, and read a lot on. There are detailed descriptions on the artworks, the shows, the galleries. I would definitely go there for its content, its real culture. The center, in my own opinion, never tried to gain public interest through semiotics and signifiers. The establishment, together with any other modern day museum and galleries, are doing good jobs in opening the masses eyes to a culture beyond traditional. There are some truths in Baudrillad’s analyses of these establishments, but these are not enough to say that modern museums are capable of incinerating culture around it. Culture is said to be a way of living, and one must accept that the modern age needs a new way of living compared to traditional times. This evolution of living also calls for an evolution of cultural art and practices. Modernism has brought just about anything today, and we can’t deny the fact that is has also greatly affected the realm of visual arts. But being modern doesn’t mean that it tries to lose any traditional virtue in it. The whole step is simply bringing in a new dimension of art, and with the help of these modern art museums, these arts can be appreciated the in a way similar to the tradition. A final flaw in Baudrillad’s argument is his description of the buildings external structure. He claims that this structure proclaims that the humans time are never to be that of any duration, that our culture is like hydrocarbons, breaking and synthesizing to make new products. He means that the center breaks traditions and cultures, and puts them together for a new type of culture. I believe that this is giving a rebirth of the culture, and hence not destroying it or any part of it. Baudrilladmust understand that nothing grows exponentially forever. Even cultures, reaches a point wherein you can’t improve on it no matter how much effort you put in. A time will come when people must find a new way to incorporate differences in culture and try to come up with a new one, one that would allow the human to grow without sacrificing the longevity of the culture. Somewhere in his essay, Baudrillad shouted the question on what should be placed on the center. His answer was nothing; the void would have signified the disappearance of any culture of meaning and aesthetic sentiment. This seems to be contradictory to his primary beliefs. Going back a few paragraphs, remember that Baudrillad believed in the theory of absence, that one can give meaning to a sign only because of absence. Like the above example, a cup is a cup since it is not a fork, etc. Thus, having nothing, no culture, no art, no whatsoever in the center would only mean that the museum really do contained culture and art. Works Cited Baudrillad, Jean. â€Å"Simulcra and Simulations† VI. The Beaubourg Effect : Implosion and Deterrence (1981) European Graduate School Website. â€Å"Jean Baudrillad Biography† From: http://www. egs. edu/faculty/baudrillard. html

Aristotle on Gender Essay

The peer discussion held last week had its attention focused on a comparison of Aristotle’s and Plato’s ideas of justice and gender. As previously discussed from our lectures, Plato’s idea of justice was concerned with an internal equality between the members of the classes present within the polis. This focused more on individualism in that one must only be concerned with his/her business and not minding other’s problems. The justice that occurs in their society depends on the class to whom one belongs. However, Aristotle, his student, was more for all-encompassing justice aiming for the ultimate goal of the constitution. Equality, for Aristotle, depends on the constitution in which the society is built upon. For democracy, it promotes equality for those who are equal, but only for those who are equal. Elaborating on this, equality only exists for the majority, who rules in this kind of polis. On the other hand, oligarchy focuses more on the distribution of office, in which there is equality for those who are unequal. (Curtis, 1981) However, this failed to consider the degree of goodness in a citizen. Oligarchs depended more on a wealthy upbringing, giving them superiority over the others who have less riches than them. Democrats was more dependent on free birth, all for equality among every member of the society. Aristotle’s justice was an advocate of excellence over birth. Considering his example of the story of the flutists, Aristotle concluded that justice all ends ups to the contribution of a good citizen to the aim of the society and to the â€Å"end† of state. Aristotle could care less about the social standing of a citizen, instead focusing more on his triumphs instead of what he was born to be. Gender is another topic wherein these two philosophers’ opinions differ. For Plato, equality among women and men existed within the society itself. Women were free to choose what profession they have, provided that they have the proper education to back it up. Aristotle’s idea for gender, however, is a sexist one. He believed that only men were worthy to be citizens, and that was only if he was a holder of office. Women were â€Å"naturally† governed by men, as indicated in his works, specifically identified by the phrase â€Å"mastery of husband over wife†. He gave statements wherein the men were given rights over those of the opposite gender. In spite of their standings as teacher and student, their opinions differ regarding how a society must work in order to achieve peace and harmony within their constitution. However, important points can also be withdrawn from their works, such as the fairer justice referred to in Aristotle’s works, and Plato’s ideas of equality and the manner of governing a society. Not one person is perfect, and we cannot find fault upon one making a mistake that we ourselves may have committed. Group: # 4 – Section: WBYDX.

Calderas - Worlds Largest

Calderas - Worlds Largest Calderas are large craters formed by volcanic explosions or by unsupported surface rock collapsing into empty magma chambers beneath the ground. They sometimes are referred to as supervolcanoes. One way to understand calderas is to think of them as reverse volcanoes. Volcanic eruptions often will be the cause of magma chambers being left empty and leaving  the volcano above unsupported. This can cause the ground above, sometimes an entire volcano, to collapse into the empty chamber. Yellowstone Park Yellowstone Park is perhaps the most well-known caldera in the United States, drawing millions of tourists every year. According to Yellowstones website, the supervolcano was the site of massive eruptions 2.1 million years ago, 1.2 million years ago, and 640,000 years ago. Those eruptions were, respectively, 6,000 times, 70 times, and 2,500 times more powerful than the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington. Explosive Force What today is known as Lake Toba in Indonesia is the result of perhaps the greatest volcanic eruption since the dawn of early man. Approximately 74,000 years ago, Mount Tobas eruption produced about 2,500 times more volcanic ash than Mount St. Helens. This led to a volcanic winter that had a devastating effect on the entire human population  of the time. The volcanic winter lasted six years and led to a 1,000-year-long ice age, according to research, and the world population was reduced to about 10,000 adults. Potential Modern Impact Research into how a massive eruption would impact the world day shows the effects to be potentially devastating. One study focusing on Yellowstone suggests another eruption comparable in size to the three biggest ones of the past 2.1 million  years would kill 87,000 people instantly. The volume of ash would be enough to collapse rooftops in states surrounding the park. Everything within about 60 miles would be destroyed, most of the western United States would be covered in about 4 feet of ash, and an ash cloud would spread across the entire planet, casting it in shadow for days. The impact on vegetation could lead to food shortages across the planet. Visiting the Largest Calderas on the Planet Yellowstone is just one of many calderas throughout the world. Like Yellowstone, many of the others can be interesting and fascinating places to visit and to study. Below is a list of the worlds largest calderas: Caldera name Country Location Size(km) Mostrecenteruption La Pacana Chile 23.10 S67.25 W 60 x 35 Pliocene PastosGrandes Bolivia 21.45 S67.51 W 50 x 40 8.3 Ma Kari Kari Bolivia 19.43 S65.38 W 30 Unknown Cerro Galan Argentina 25.57 S65.57 W 32 2.5 Ma Awasa Ethiopia 7.18 N38.48 E 40 x 30 Unknown Toba Indonesia 2.60 N98.80 E 100 x 35 74 ka Tondano Indonesia 1.25 N124.85 E 30 x 20 Quaternary Maroa/Whakamaru NewZealand 38.55 S176.05 E 40 x 30 500 ka Taupo NewZealand 38.78 S176.12 E 35 1,800 yr Yellowstone USA-WY 44.58 N110.53 W 85 x 45 630 ka La Garita USA-CO 37.85 N106.93 W 75 x 35 27.8 Ma Emory USA-NM 32.8 N107.7 W 55 x 25 33 Ma Bursum USA-NM 33.3 N108.5 W 40 x 30 28-29 Ma Longridge(McDermitt) USA-OR 42.0 N117.7 W 33 ~16 Ma Socorro USA-NM 33.96 N107.10 W 35 x 25 33 Ma TimberMountain USA-NV 37 N116.5 W 30 x 25 11.6 Ma ChinatiMountains USA-TX 29.9 N104.5 W 30 x 20 32-33 Ma Long Valley USA-CA 37.70 N118.87 W 32 x 17 50 ka greater MalySemiachik/Pirog Russia 54.11 N159.65 E 50 ~50 ka greater BolshoiSemiachik Russia 54.5 N160.00 E 48 x 40 ~50 ka greaterIchinsky Russia 55.7 N157.75 E 44 x 40 ~50 ka greaterPauzhetka Russia 51 N157 E ~40 300 ka greaterKsudach Russia 51.8 N157.54 E ~35 ~50 ka Source: Cambridge Volcanology Group  caldera database

How to Write a Research Paper in Anthropology

How to Write a Research Paper in Anthropology Writing a research paper in Anthropology can be a brand-new experience for college students, who are new to this subject. The truth is that thinking in an anthropological way, first of all, means suspending your point view on how the world works, as well as on what is ‘weird’ and what is ‘normal.’ Generally, Anthropology is known as the study of people in all areas and times and comprises four major sub-sections, such as: Physical/Biological Anthropology (focuses on the behavioral and biological aspects of human beings, and their related non-human primates, especially from an evolutionary perspective); Cultural Anthropology (focuses on the connections of people and culture); Philosophical Anthropology (the study focuses on the study of the problems of our existence in the world as a whole, as well as seeks answers for the question about the essence of man); Archaeology (the field of study focuses on human activity through the recovery and analysis of artifacts); Linguistic Anthropology (the discipline focuses on how language influences social life). In other words, this field of study asks you to try to understand cultural differences as they are, forgetting your ego and ethnocentrism, in order to see differences without putting these differences in any sort of order. If you’re taking any of the courses mentioned above, you will be required to write a research paper in Anthropology at some point. This instructional guide will enlighten you on how to get the paper done successfully based on credible anthropological information/sources. When writing for Cultural, Linguistic, or any other Anthropology class, you will be required to deal with a couple of things in every paper: Question cultural norms in a critical manner (in both – your culture and the cultures of other people); Analyze ethnographic information (data related to everyday events, activities, histories, interviews) to trace important and interesting patterns; Arrange ethnographic and the rest sorts of evidence (newspapers, historical accounts, an so on.) in order to describe, study, and analyze an event, a phenomenon, or cultural issue, or to support an argument about one; Check the theoretical perspective critically to ensure it makes sense in cultural phenomena. Choose Your Topic as a Focused Research Question To put in shortly, Anthropology studies humanity. Since there are many different types of anthropological branches and studies, you’ll have no problems with deciding on a topic to research. We’ve listed some of the hottest issues to research and discuss in the research paper in Anthropology: The Impact of the West on North American Indigenous Peoples; Ethnic Cleansing: Genocide in the World’s History; The Influence of Health, Culture, and Illness on Human Society; Mythologies and Its Relevance to Modern Culture; The Impact of the Culture of the Ancient Indians on the Development of American Culture; Aristotle’s View on a Human Soul and Body Bound in Essence; Anthropological Meaning and Essence of Historicity; Lord of the Things: An Anthropological Exploration of the Society of Consumers; Marriage Rituals in Different Countries All over the Globe; The Role of Women in Chinese Culture; Similarities and Differences in American and Asian Rock; Anthropology of Heidegger: Reflection on the Essence of a Human in the Light of Being; Studying Twins in Different Parts of the Globe and Throughout Time; The Role of Literature in the Development of Human Society; Migration and Its Impact All over the World; The Underwater Archaeology: Future Perspectives; The Relevance of Feminism in Modern Western Culture; The Impact of Social Media on Different Cultures; Relationship between Scientific and Philosophical Cognition of a Human; The Modern Man: What Have We Lost? Outline the Research Paper Outlining is not an Anthropology-based feature. That’s one of the most important things to do in case of any academic project. Make sure to begin and end your research paper outline in one sitting. You will be able to come back to it later and edit it at any point as you move along. However, having a well-done outline before you dive into the writing routine will help you work more efficiently, faster, and more effectively. If your topic is about Medical Anthropology, you will need to build a solid outline. This is how an outline of Medical Anthropology research paper may look: I. Introduction A. What is Medical Anthropology? B. Main principles of Medical Anthropology II. The current global situation in Medical Anthropology. A. Main problems in the field of Medical Anthropology B. Social conditions of Medical Anthropology vulnerable subgroups III. Finding solutions for Medical Anthropology gaps A. Ways of scanning Medical Anthropology niches C. International cooperation IV. Conclusion Anthropology Thesis Statement Checklist The introduction is like a road map in your research paper. You have to indicate clearly what you’re about to do. Make sure your intro reveals what the research essay is about, what you’re about to discuss, how you’re going to discuss it, what examples you’d like to use to demonstrate your argument, and what is the key aim of the project. If you fail to inform your target readers on what you’re talking about, they might come up with their own points of view that, in turn, will cause a range of misunderstandings. Start your intro broad and narrow down its focus. For instance, begin with a statement about what is Anthropology in general. Go on with Physical Anthropology, then Nutritional Anthropology. After that, proceed to your own subject of study. Your introduction section must contain a solid thesis statement. The following list enlightens you on how you can tell if your thesis statement is a good one. A solid thesis statement contains one main idea. If the subject has more than one point, your research project will confuse your readers. A clearly expressed key point will provide your paper with a strong focus. A solid thesis statement shows that its author takes stand and justifies the topic discussion. Make sure your thesis statement always answers the ‘so what?’ question and proves you have analyzed and researched the issue from A to Z to come up with the right conclusions. It’s recommended to produce the thesis statement that your readers could disagree with. Otherwise, what’s the point? A solid thesis statement is narrow and focused on a specific subject. If the thesis statement is too broad, your research paper won’t be well developed. If the thesis statement turns out to be too specific, you’ll fail to provide enough information on the topic. The right specificity depends on the length of the research paper. Make sure you can thoroughly research and discuss the issue within the given length. A solid thesis statement is flexible. In other words, you have to be able to change your thesis statement at any stage of work. When you’re at the starting point of your work, you have no idea where your research and analysis are going to take you. Thus, make sure you can modify the thesis whenever you feel like and the way you want it to. Writing the Main Body of Your Research Paper At this point, your outline will come in handy. When you’re in the middle of writing, don’t think your outline is like a trap. It’s not! Feel free to use it and change it to make sure your paper flows logically and smoothly. However, don’t step away from the thesis statement and the main theme of the project. If at some point, you decide to quote any piece of text word-for-word, ensure to cite the source. Mention the source of your quote and use quotation marks. Provide more details about the quote on References or page. If you decide to do paraphrasing, i.e., not using the exact words, but using someone else’s idea, give credit as well. You don’t have to use quotation makes here; however, ensure to mention where exactly this or that idea originates from. To integrate your sources into the research paper discussion, make sure to analyze, summarize, explain, and evaluate each published work instead of merely mentioning it. Don’t overwrite in this section. Although your tutor may encourage you to develop your own elegant style, make sure to first aim for precision and clarity in your writing. Once you’re a precision and clarity guru, feel free to experiment more with complex and wordy sentences, different speech figures, and so on. Use the active voice. Use passive voice only when you need it to make your writing look more beautiful. Prepare the Tables and Figures Without a doubt, your research paper in Anthropology will contain some tables, figures, and graphics of some kind. These elements are an integral part of the project because they are numbers that represent the author’s findings and the methods that s/he used throughout the research. Describe the Methods In the Methods section, your task is to: Describe how you performed the experiment; Provide a rationale for why you have chosen specific experimental procedures; Give a description of what you have done in order to answer the research paper question and how exactly you did that; Explain how you have analyzed your results. Give the Results So, what did you find? Provide the direct results of your anthropological research here: Present your findings in the same order as in the section called Methods; Present data in charts, tables, graphs, or any other figures that you like to work with; Report on how you collected information, chose the participants of your experiment, etc.; Provide data that is corresponding to the central research question; Give secondary findings. Writing the Conclusion When thinking about the conclusion of the research paper in Anthropology, think of it as an extra part attached to the end of the project after you’ve done your argument or analysis. This part will serve as a reflection of your introduction. Make sure to remind your audience how you took them from the start through to the end of the essay and why. Mention the logical thoughts that connected one topic/issue to another. Have you succeeded to prove your argument? Why is your research significant in the chosen field of study? Sum up each of the approaches you used together with the obtained results. Mention some discrepancies discovered between your research work and the other Anthropology studies that served as the basis for your investigation as a whole. Give ideas on how your project can be improved and advanced. Mind the Audience When you’re done with the research paper writing stage, and the time to review and edit your piece comes, make sure to ask yourself if your paper will be easy-to-understand to another student interested in the topic, but not pursuing a degree in the course. College tutors are usually more excited to see how you write your research paper that might be interesting to those who don’t take the same course. It’s a big mistake to believe that you’re writing the research paper in Anthropology for your tutor or any other expert in the field! Besides, don’t think that your target readers have read the same articles, books, websites, or watched the same videos as you. College research papers in Anthropology address topics that are usually picked by the students or given by the professor. These projects require you to put course content into a detailed conversation with other academic literature on a particular topic or issue. The project will entail conducting effective research of information in the library – both the electronic and printed ones. Typically, students are not limited to articles and books that are narrowly Anthropology-oriented. In addition to that, you will be asked to search for material from various disciplines that is related to your topic. You’ll need to synthesize and organize the articles and books to be able to speak to the argument you’re about to make. The paper must be well-organized and properly arranged, with every part of it building upon the others and supporting the project’s main argument.

The Great Gatsby and The American Dream

The Great Gatsby and The American Dream The long sought, after "American Dream" may have only been a dream for Gatsby. He simply wanted too much of what really isn't there. A minor changing of the past is what really led to the demise of his dream. Daisy was under much stress, and her ability to think clearly was clouded. Instead of letting things work out with Daisy and Tom, Gatsby decided to intervene, ultimately crushing his hopes of ever being with Daisy.Due to Americans being very materialistic, the American dream can never be attained. Say a person bought his dream house, and had his dream car, eventually, that person will want a newer, bigger, better house. It's a big circle. It is called "American" dream because in other, poorer countries are grateful with what they receive, not always wanting to upgrade their ideals. Having this "dream" is extremely important though. Without having one, it doesn't give anyone hope of ever aspiring to work harder for it.My American DreamThis dream is part of the reason why America is the way it is.Gatsby failed at attaining his goals because he simply wanted too much. He pushes Daisy to the extreme limits of her emotions, eventually driving her overboard. His main idea of having Daisy was not too much, but the lengths he went through were too much. Gatsby, letting Daisy driving the car was the biggest mistake he made. If anything, it brought Tom and Daisy together closer to stick with the same stories on Myrtle's death. Throwing elaborate parties, changing history, forcing an illusion to come together, will not work unless the pieces fall together naturally."Can't change the past? Of course you can, old sport," stated by Gatsby, shows that he truly believes the past is not set in stone. He tries to...

The Strategy of Localizing HR Practices from the Perspective of Multinational Corporation

The Strategy of Localizing HR Practices from the Perspective of Multinational Corporation Localization of International Human Resources Management Contemporary international human resources management strategies are focusing on how they can be able to localize human resources policies and practices for the betterment of their organizations; when localizing human resources policies, it takes the forms of international coordination, global leadership development and management, cultural intelligence, and diversity management.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Strategy of ‘Localizing’ HR Practices from the Perspective of Multinational Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When managing a diverse global human capital, multinationals (MNCs) have the mandate of facilitating production of work of difference cultural beliefs, social settings, with diverse views, thinking styles, personalities, and emotional intellectualism. Despite the differences, they offer a rich ground for diverse views and decisions that when effectively managed they can be of high benefit to the multinationals (Kaplan and Norton, 2001). In international human resources management (IHRM), there are three main approaches, they include, the MNC may send people from the country of incorporation to represent the company abroad (expatriates approach), hire host countries employees, or hire a third countries employees. With globalization and improved education across binderies, the countries are able to produce people with the knowledge and the expertise to operate and run multinationals; this has come as a blessing to the multinationals that are nowadays relying on local people to manage and run international businesses, the approach is called localization of IHRM (Maznevski and DiStefano, 2000). This paper evaluates the emerging strategy, localization; it will evaluate how the concept came into operation, how MNCs manage/adopt it as well its advantages and disadvantages. The emergence of localization The idea to use local people for the management and running of multinational came from the challenges that use of experts had on MNCs; the main issue that expatriates had is the costs that are associate with their deployments. In most cases the costs of deploying expatriates is high and calls for increased operational costs to the MNs. Other than the general operational costs, in most cases, the company is responsible other human needs like housing, security and the welfare of the expatriate. Expatriates have higher remuneration than local employees who have the same post, qualification as well as responsibilities; the high remuneration does not necessarily mean that they can perform better but the notion that they are foreigners and experts creates the urge for high pays.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Warner 2003, the cost of an American expatriate in China is about six times higher than that of a Chinese expatriate; with this kind of a difference, then when dealing with the expatriates, then the firm violates the noble objective of efficiency, cost management and profit improvements. Other than remuneration, there are other costs that come along with an expatriate, they include, cost of families, including relocation expenses, special allowances like education, mileage, accommodations, recruitment and training costs; it is also a challenging task to get a person who is qualified and willing to work in a foreign country (Takeuchi, Chen, and Lam, 2009) When a manager is operating in an industry, it is by default required that he understands the cultures, environment, and the general conditions that he is working under; when they are understood, then the firm will be able to make such responsive decisions. The issues of using expatriates come into play here; they are people with different backgrounds, culture and belief thus the y may not be able to connect with the situation on the ground (both market and the work force they are managing). With this the MNCs is not bound to be competitive and chances of loss of business to the local venders is high. Other than the personal bias, the expatriates may not have the drive and motivation to follow the market situation as well as the day-to-day occurrences of the market. This may be aggravated more by their temporary job assignments in the foreign country. When it comes to the issue of local employees, they are able to connect to the market and have deeper analysis of the situation on the ground; this facilitates making of market effective decisions and the use of the local information and experience to make sound decisions. Cultural differences, language barriers, and perception of the locals is another issue that faces expatriates; they are people with differences with the locals and thus they need incur further costs in their efforts to seek acceptance and und erstanding of the locals behavior and their character traits. In the case of a local executive, he has grown in the country and developed such special skills and culture intelligence that he can understand and make more business responsive questions to the good of the organization (Triandis, 2006). The concept of localization In simple terms localization means MNCs relying on local people for the provision of technical and otherwise jobs in their country; after an establishment, the MNC decides instead of having other people to manage and operate an international business, the choice made is local people. When using this model, the normal process of human resource that starts with planning, recruiting and selection is done to ensure that, the local person to secure the position has been vetted for experience, qualification and capability.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Strategy of ‘Localizing’ HR Practices from the Perspective of Multinati onal Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After choosing the local person, sometimes there is need to orient, train, and inform the person o matters of the company that may be special to the company’s management or otherwise. This may be done through seminars, or in some cases, the employee may travel to the parent company for such training and assist in making the final plans. When the employee starts working, it will be assumed that he performs his duties with diligence and for the best interest of the employer; he will need to be appraised, motivated and appropriate measures to keep him going put in place. Recruitment and selection After knowing the country of venture as well as the human resources method to adopt, the MNC must on the ground and start the recruitment method; the method is slightly special and takes different forms where the company can hire a recruiting firm in the local country to make the recruitments. Al ternatively, the MNC can get on the ground and undertake the task; the earlier is more preferred. The recruitment and selection of appropriate staff is the foundation of any quality-conscious firm; thus, the MNC needs to enact such appropriate measures that ensure they have recruited people of high dignity, experience and who can perform effectively (Hollinshead, 2009). In the past, professionals were recruited based on technical criteria, experience, and membership of an appropriate professional body; although these criteria are still important, technical skills are only a part of the overall service delivery, which also includes functional criteria such as marketing and business skills and the ability to foster client relationships. Different countries needs different category of people thus when called upon to recruit for particular company; there are some special traits that may have much weight in a country A than they have in country B. The customer-centered firm should take i nto account all these criteria and consider recruitment as the first stage of retaining loyal, well- motivated and happy employees. Technological changes call for competent and skilled employees thus; organizations should ensure that their employees match the current technology. During the interview, the panel should ensure that they identify the strengths and weaknesses of the candidate. This will assist them in making the final decision (Trudel, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Training and development With the people deployed, the next major and very important step is t orient, train, and mentor the recruiting; every company has its own organizational culture that makes them what they are; the recruits needs to be well acquainted with the culture as he will be needed to instill such culture to the international branch. To get such mentoring and orienting, the parent company may decide to have him on board in the parent company or can use trainings, seminars and one-on-one training to orient and get the manager on board. On the other hand, when on the ground, professional employee, need to be continually trained to improve their skills, decision making, and expertise; they have limited set of skills that require continual upgrading to match the changing market demands and technology. Only by updating these skills using well-developed programs, can professional firms ensure that they equip their staff with the skills needed to respond to future business exp ectations. The management should ensure that employees are well motivated; highly motivated employees are more productive (Harzing and Van Ruysseveldt, 2004). To enable employees perform their duties effectively, continuous training system and employee’s appraisal is important. It helps management establish areas that needs improvement. Some organizations have employees training as a continuous process to ensure that employees are up-to-date with the changes in the industry. Motivational measures should be put in place to ensure that employees are loyal to the organization and they work efficiently. This ranges from attractive salaries or/and benefits, to developing a good working environment. This ensures that employees are retained as assets in the organization (Hampden–Turner and Trompenaars, 2006) Motivation, appraisal and evaluation With all policies and strategies set, the parent company management should be keep to appraise, motivate and evaluate the local emplo yees to ensure they live to the expectations of the MNC. When appraising, care needs to be taken to ensure that the situation and condition on the ground has been well understood and advice coming from the locals understood effectively. The employee must be appraised appropriately to enable the human resources department to establish the areas that need to be improved. It is through effective communication and feedback that these areas of weaknesses can be established; programs to facilitate communication should be put in place. Those who meet expectations of the management should be rewarded accordingly. With contemporary business environments, there are a number of scientific appraisal models that an employer can use, they include balanced score card appraisal model (Trudel, 2009). Retaining It is more cheap, efficient and easy to retain employees within an organization; as the employees meet the organization’s expectations, it is important for the organization to realize t hat the employees also have their targets that they want met. Many employees think of looking for another job if the current job is not satisfactory this stage. The human resources department must come up with measures that are aimed at retaining employees. One of the ways is to make the working environment as comfortable as possible. Remuneration and rewards of employees are other ways that can be used. Rewards mean that the efforts of the employee are recognized (Fernandez-Alles and Ramos-Rodrà ­guez, 2009) Advantages of localization Numerous advantage have come with the new MNCs human resources management style.  From a wider angle, when a company employ’s locals, they eliminate the risks and business challenges associated with deployment of expatriates. When an MNC employs the local people, they are developing opportunity benefits of developing local managerial skills that promote talents and develop talents to the local people; when this happens, the locals feel they are working with a company of their own that they can depend on and respect as their own. With such moves, an improved business-customer relationship can lead to customer loyalty and growth in business. People are more willing to trade with local companies that seem to be promoting their own culture, and wellbeing’s; they will be able to develop good business relations with the customer, suppliers and other stakeholders like the government and shareholders if any. The costs of personal culture contexts/tensions and cross-culture misunderstandings will be saved as the locals understand what the nation or the country they are operating in wants.  One of the most important attribute of a well-managed company is the motivation of its local staffs; when an MNC is, manage by a foreigner, the local workforce feels less motivated than when a local person is the business leader. When accompany has high employees motivation, then it is bound to perform better than when the motivation is minimal and wanting (DiStefano and Maznevski, 2000).  When locals are given the task of managing MNCs, other than using their experience and qualification, they use the general understanding and learnt social aspects about the country to make such decisions that are responsive to the needs of the country of operation. For example, they may be able to know the cultures or tribes they should deploy in certain areas, as they have been known to have some special attributes that can favor the MNC. The net effect is an improved business. Through inpatriation, local managers are able to combine any international experience with the local experience for the good of the company; when they successful do this, then the company stands to benefit. For example, they may combine root-marketing methods to international marketing approaches and come-up with a strategy that fits the county of operation.  Despite the above advantages, a number of challenges MNCs face when they take the option of using local people. Disadvantages of localization When the MNC rely on localization method of recruitment, then the control and the influence that the parent management has will be diluted and the locals may highjack the management. When this happens the running of the organization as a single unit moving to single noble destination is lost. In the case that the concept has been adopted by all MNCs they risk the career development of international managers and expatriates; in some companies, the method of expatriates had been used for rewarding and motivating employees in the organization; when the chances has been lost, then the MNC is likely to suffer demonization. When deploying the local people, there is needed to have training, mentoring, and coaching of the local people to align them with the needs of the organization; this task may become expensive and challenging task to the organization. Sometimes, the trainings may be done but the expected outcome fails to come outs lea ding to cost losses. It is also very challenging to get a person who can be molded to the needs of an MNC since there is much influence from experiences and exposure. Another challenge that comes with employing local people is lack of new ideas, creativity and sometimes innovativeness in a foreign company; this is caused by the similar ideas and decisions or way of thinking as may be expected from the local employee. The lack of exposure can lead to decisions that do not favor the business (Bullen and Eyler, 2010) Conclusion MNCs need to have an effective and efficient human resources team; there are three main options available to the company they are deploying expatriates, deploying local people or using people from a third country. When using the localization method, using country is of operation employees, the MNC stands to benefit reduced human resources costs, cultural intelligence, and builds customer confidence. The main challenge with localization is loss of parent’s company management controlling power as well as scarcity of creativity in the companies as the local people experience is confined in their country. International human resources management team has the role of ensuring the MNC’s human capital is highly motivated for favorable working environment. References Bullen, M. L. and Eyler, K. ,2010. Human resource accounting and international developments: implications for measurement of human capital. Journal of International Business Cultural Studies, 1(1), pp. 31-16. DiStefano, J. J. and Maznevski, M. L., 2000. Creating Value with Diverse Teams in Global Management. Organizational Dynamics, 29(1), pp. 45-63. Fernandez-Alles, M. and Ramos-Rodrà ­guez, A. ,2009. Intellectual structure of human resources management research: A bibliometric analysis of the journal Human Resource Management, 1985–2005. Journal of the American Society for Information Science Technology, 60(1), pp. 161-175. Hampden–Turner, C. and Tromp enaars, F.,2006.Cultural Intelligence: Is Such a Capacity Credible? Group Organization Management, 31(1), pp.56-63. Harzing, A.W. and Van Ruysseveldt, J. ,2004. International Human Resource Management. London: Sage. Hollinshead, G. ,2009. International and Comparative Human Resource Management. Basingstoke: McGraw-Hill Kaplan, R. S. and Norton, D. P.,2001. Transforming the Balanced Scorecard from Performance Measurement to Strategic Management: Part I. Accounting Horizons, 15(1), pp. 87-104. Maznevski, M. L. and DiStefano, J. J.,2000.  Global Leaders Are Team Players: Developing Global Leaders Through Membership On Global Teams  . Human Resource Management, 39(2/3), p.185. Takeuchi, N., Chen, Z. and Lam, W. ,2009. Coping with an emerging market competition through strategy-human resource alignment: case study evidence from five leading Japanese manufacturers in the Peoples Republic of China. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(12), pp. 2454-2470. Triandis, H. C.,2006. Cultural Intelligence in Organizations. Group and Organization Management, 31(1),pp. 20-26. Trudel, J. M. ,2009.  International human resources management: a new challenge.   Portuguese Journal of Management Studies, 14(2), pp.149-161.

Effects of increasing of immigration in US over the next 10 essays

Effects of increasing of immigration in US over the next 10 essays Effects of increasing of immigration in US over the next 10 years It is estimated that the United States will double its population in the next sixty years due in large part to increasing immigration (USCB). The doubling caused almost entirely by immigration is not a new occurrence as more than ninety percent of the population growth of the United States since 1970 has come from recent immigrants and their children born here (USCB). It is the intension of this essay to examine the causes and effects of this increasing of immigration in United States over the next ten years. The increased rate of immigration that this country has experienced and will continue to experience over the next ten years has occurred in the middle of a world wide population explosion. It took until the 1800 for the world to reach one billion inhabitants (USCB).The pace of growth then quickened, and the world added two billion people over the next one hundred and sixty years (USCB). However, it took only forty additional years for Earth to again double its population from three billion in 1960 to six billion by the year 2000 (USCB). This rapid rate of growth has created tremendous external pressure on the United States from people mainly in the Third World desperate to better their lives by moving to a more advanced country. Economists who study the economic effects of immigration take two different approaches. One school of thought views immigrants primarily as additional new workers in the labor force, and extra purchasers in the national market (NCPA). From this economic perspective, immigration can be valuable, if the labor it provides lessens an economic shortage and leads to faster economic growth by increasing the size of the market or available pool of talent, and thus results in a boost in productivity and investment (NCPA). The other economic approach concentrates on the economic behavior of those who enter this country (NCPA). This econom...

What to Bring to the SAT and What Not to Bring

What to Bring to the SAT and What Not to Bring SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips After months of planning and prepping, test day is finally upon you! What exactly do you need to bring to the SAT- and what should you just leave home? We’ll talk about what to bring to the SAT for certain and some not so obvious things that might come in handy. Make sure your bag is packed and ready to go so you can focus on performing your best- and not on tracking down a pencil sharpener! What to Bring on SAT Day: The 4 Essentials First things first: what must you bring to the SAT? Here are the four essentials you cannot afford to forget on test day: #1: Admission Ticket You must print out your admission ticket and bring it to the testing center. A paper copy of your ticket is 100% necessary for admission- you can't show it on your cell phone, tablet, etc. To print it out, log into your College Board account and click on "Print Admission Ticket." #2: Photo ID Your photo ID should resemble the picture you uploaded to the College Board website when you registered for the SAT. Below is a list of acceptable and unacceptable forms of ID: Unexpired government-issued IDs (e.g., driver’s license, passport, military ID, national ID, etc.) Current school ID card Student ID Form, if you don’t have any of the other forms; this form must be prepared by the school you currently attend or by a notary if you are home-schooled Unacceptable IDs include IDs that are expired or damaged or do not match your College Board photo. Some unacceptable forms of ID include the following: Credit or debit cards (even ones with photographs) Birth certificates Social Security cards Employee ID cards ChildFind ID cards Other temporary ID cards #3: At Least Two #2 Pencils and an Eraser Pens, highlighters, liquid paper, or any other writing utensils are not allowed,not even for the essay (if you're taking the SAT with Essay). Check your erasers to make sure they work well. #4: An Acceptable Calculator You'll need to bring your own calculator for the Math Calculator section. Acceptable calculators include graphing and scientific calculators. A basic four-function calculator is also allowed but not recommended. Learn all about the uses and limitations of your calculatorwith our guide. Unacceptable calculators and devices include the following: Laptops Tablets Cell phones Calculators that make noise or use a keyboard-like (QWERTY) keypad, an electrical outlet, or a paper tape Basically, don’t bring anything that could be disruptive or has communication capabilities. As long as you have these four items- your admission ticket, your ID, pencils/erasers, and an approved calculator- you should have no trouble being admitted into the SAT. Now that you know things to bring to the SAT, let’s consider a few other materials that might help you out during the test. Other Items You Might Want to Bring to the SAT In addition to the four essentials, what other items can you bring to the SAT? Here are some of our recommendations for things that might come in handy on SAT test day: Extra #2 pencils and a small handheld pencil sharpener. Since time is tight and talking is prohibited, you definitely don’t want to find yourself in the middle of the SAT with nothing to write with! So bring some backup writing utensils and a sharpener. Extra batteries for your calculator, just in case. It’s also a good idea to put in new batteries the day or two before the SAT- and definitely make sure that your calculator works! A drink and snacks for your breaks. These will likely have to stay in your bag, in a locker, or up at the test administrator’s desk and will have to be consumed outside of the testing room. The SAT is a long test; drinks and snacks will help you stay hydrated, energized, and focused. A watch,as long as it doesn’t have any audible alarms or noises. If it'll help you keep track of time, bring one along. If you just find it distracting, though, leave it at home! These extras and backup materials might prove helpful the day of the SAT. Now, whatshould you definitely not bring on SAT test day? What NOT to Bring to the SAT There are lots of prohibited items when it comes to SAT test day. We’ll list a few below, butyour best bet is to avoid bringing anything that’s not recommended on the above lists: Any other technology besides your calculator, especially anything with communication or recording capabilities. This means no cell phones, laptops, tablets, timers, cameras, or audio recorders. The College Board takes security very seriously, as you can tell from these high-profile cheating scandals. Any other notes,cheat sheets, dictionaries, translators, books, or papers. To reiterate, if you must bring your cell phone, turn it off well before the test. If it beeps even just once, your proctor will confiscate it and cancel your test immediately. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Getting Ready for SAT Test Day: 5 Key Tips Now that you know exactly what to bring (and not bring) to the SAT, how can you ensure that you are prepared to do your best on the test? Read on to learn how you can have a great SAT test day: #1: Prepare Ahead of Time Get all your materials gathered and packed the day before your test. You definitely don’t want to be scrambling in the morning trying to track down pencils and batteries for your calculator. This would cause a whole lot of unnecessary anxiety and could make you late (and therefore ineligible) for the test! So get everything taken care of at least the day before. #2: Test Your Calculator Before the SAT, check that your calculator is working properly. Test out the different functions, and put new batteries in it so that it won't have any chance of dying during the test! #3: Print Out Multiple Copies of Your Admission Ticket It's a good idea to print out a few copies of your SAT admission ticket, just in case. If you don’t have a printer, you can get this taken care of at school, your local library, or another printing center such as Staples. Remember that you will not be admitted on test day without this ticket. As mentioned above,don’t wait until the morning of or late the night before the SAT to print out your ticket. It’s a strange and inexplicable rule of printers that they tend to malfunction right before a big test or due date. So print out two or three copies early and save yourself the hassle! #4: Practice Self-Care Self-care is important in general but especially in the days leading up to the SAT. The morning of the test, eat a healthy breakfast. Exercising the day before (and in general) might also aid in easing your stress levels and clearing your mind. Don’t underestimate the power of diet and exercise in feeling good and thinking clearly! #5: Double-Check That You've Got Everything You Need Finally, make a checklist and double-check your bag one last time before you head to your testing center. After all your preparation, your focus should be wholly on the SAT. By having all these materials taken care of, you'll be poised to perform your best! What’s Next? One of the biggest challenges of the SAT is to perform under strict time limits. Learn the best strategies for managing your time on the SAT,and get the rundown ofwhat to expect on test day. The best test prep is customized to your individual strengths and goals. What SAT scores are you hoping to achieve? Define your target SAT scores by learning what good, bad, and excellent scores look like. When do SAT scores come out? Learn all about when you can expect your scores. It sounds like your test is coming up, and we hope you don't have to take the SAT again. But want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: